Relevance of Earlier Warfare to Modern Warfare Essay

The craft of War has been the subject of extraordinary academic action as the traits that make an individual a talented Commander in the midst of War have emerged incredible interest among legislators, officers and logicians the same. All the more shockingly, the coming of present day fighting has thrown a sorry excuse for false notion on the psyches of numerous people and has made them to accept that the flow military expert has nothing to gain from the incredible officers of the past as he is too â€Å"well equipped† to harp on such detail. Truly history is the best instructor and as this paper advances, I will use notable references to clarify my place of conflict that there is still a long way to go from any semblance of Fredrick the Great, Napoleon and Ulysses Grant. Contention The above all else proof to help my postulation is that there is closeness between the objectives of the current military expert and his partner from hundreds of years prior. This likeness is progressively significant in the event that you wind up battling for similar standards, a similar land and a similar foe. It is this closeness between the two that permits the current military expert to reevaluate himself considering what's going on today. For instance, as per Adam Hart †Davis (2007), the prime explanation behind the fall of Napoleon was that he attacked Russia, in the year 1812 (P. 179). The Russian Generals thoughtfully pulled back from an area crushing their own towns, ranches, development and foundation en route. A month subsequent to overcoming the Russians outside Moscow, Napoleon chose to withdraw back to Paris out of worry of loss of control. Be that as it may, his choice to do as such in the winter demonstrated lethal as the absence of haven and foundation slaughtered his soldiers truly and intellectually. The Russians kept quest for the withdrawing powers and figured out how to slaughter scores of them. When Napoleon figured out how to get back home, every one of that was left of his military was a crippled bunch of men against an effectively prepared various power that had left Paris with him while in transit to Russia prior that year, adding to his possible fall in 1815. As indicated by Gilbert (2004), a 130 years on, Hitler committed a similar error when he attacked Russia in 1941 exactly when the brutal winter began (P. 249). The Russians utilized a similar technique and in the wake of crushing the Germans at the attack of Moscow and Stalingrad, they pursued the withdrawing German powers once more into Germany legitimate and were instrumental in the fall of Berlin and the finish of the Nazi system itself. Subsequently, had Hitler focused on the deficiency at which his antecedent had been, there was an incredible likelihood that he would not have met the end that he did in 1945. The second purpose of contention is that albeit how we lead fighting nowadays has changed, the methodology or class has not. Regardless of what assets in weaponry and staff that a general may have available to him, there is no denying that undoubtedly, there is consistently a long way to go. Consider Fredrick the Great who, in 1756, dreading a joint assault by significant European forces including Russia, Sweden, and Hapsburg Austria and so on propelled a pre-emptive strike on its neighbors. As indicated by The procedure was of tremendous advantage as he had the option to pulverize some portion of the antagonistic powers that permitted good and substantial help when stood up to by a full scale attack. As indicated by Adam Hart Davis (2007), a similar technique was trailed by Israel in 1967 when on bits of gossip about a joint Arab assault on her properties constrained her to make a pre emptive strike on Egypt, Syria and Jordan (P. 353). The outcome was that Israel multiplied its territory region in only six days by catching the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank and the Golan statures. Once more, what made a difference was not the propelled weaponry that Israel had but rather the line of felt that was shared between Fredrick the Great in 1756 and the Israeli administration of 1967. Another model is the utilization of scene and atmosphere by the Russian Tsar Alexander in 1812 against Napoleon and by the Russian chief Joseph Stalin in 1941 against Nazi Germany. This utilization of the atmosphere is yet to be seen again at the same time, as per Adam Hart †Davis (2007), the utilization of the territory and the scene by the Viet-Cong against American powers in Vietnam and the Afghan Guerrillas against Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan upholds my point that class is something which can be gained from the incomparable Generals of the past (P. 355, 373-4). The last motivation to help my postulation is that the standards of commitment have not changed as weaponry or instruments have improved and not changed totally. This requires an increasingly proactive methodology with regards to how we address the current issue, to be specific, regardless of whether the current military expert remain to profit by the investigation of the Great commanders of the past. Think about a model. The Trojan War, as delineated by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey, could be the primary model in fighting history of misleading. Whereby the Trojan pony was intended to be a blessing, it ended up being a system regarding how the Athenian powers enter the city. Balance this with reports that in the approach the 2003 Second Gulf War. As indicated by Sifry and Cerf (2007), American knowledge offices planted bogus proof to cause Saddam Hussein to accept that the alliance assault would originate from Turkey and not from the Southern neighboring nations of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (P. 114). This constrained Saddam to put a larger number of legions to safeguard the Northern front than would have been vital. Accordingly, it tends to be contended that weaponry or devices, to a huge degree have continued as before in nature yet have changed in structure. Firearms have supplanted blades yet their utilization continues as before. Gun firearms have been supplanted however their utilization continues as before. The Trojan pony has been supplanted by bogus knowledge and along these lines the utilization continues as before. At long last, the purpose of conflict is that if the current devices for the general have just changed in structure and not in substance, there is each motivation to accept that the current military expert stands to profit a ton by examining his partners from hundreds of years back. End Thus, as can be seen, there is still a great deal for the current military expert to gain from his ancestors. The reasons are that circumstances rehash themselves, consideration is a trait that can be promptly applied and doesn't shrivel with age and the utilization of the instruments at the military removal continues as before. It very well may be contended, in this manner, that the best multitudes within recent memory won't be those that have the most exceptional weaponry however those with the best Generals who happen to know the historical backdrop of those before them yet similar them. Adam Hart †Davis (2007). History: The Definitive Visual Guide from the Dawn of Civilization to the Present Day. London: Dorling Kindersley. Gilbert, M. (2004). The Second World War: A total History. London: Henry Holt and Co. Sifry, M. and Cerf. C. (2007). Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions. . New york: Simon and Schuster

Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide

Unit One 1. Results of the Neolithic Revolution didn’t includeEnd of chasing gathering societies2. Most researchers accept that, during the Paleolithic Age, social association was portrayed byA harsh social equality3. The most punctual metal worked foundationally by people areCopper4. The spread of the Bantu-talking people groups over southern Africa can be best clarified by theirKnowledge of agriculture5. Attributes of complex civilizationsSpecialization of laborTrade and social diffusionWritten languagesComplex political request and power6. Proof demonstrates that the MesopotamiansTraded broadly with people groups as distant as Anatolia, Egypt, and India7. Significant impact of Neolithic RevolutionThe foundation of inactive town communities8. Conditions for ladies in MesopotamiaGrew progressively more regrettable over time9. The division of the antiquated individuals into social and sexual orientation progressive systems was first made conceivable byRise in farming production10. Mora l monotheism was the convention of theHebrews11. Hammurabi’s code depended on the idea of â€Å"lex talionis† yet the disciplines were molded byThe social remaining of the accused2. The Hittites who were the most persuasive old Indo-European transients into southwest Asia are credited forHorse-drawn chariotsMetallurgyMigrating from southern RussiaDefeating the Babylonians13. The general public who started the custom of treating to protect the body for its life after deathEgypt14. Which metal was generally significant in changing horticultural social orders into enormous urban civilizations?Iron15. In which society did ladies appreciate the most opportunity and opportunity?Egypt16. In clans which, as right on time as 3000 BCE, spread their language and farming methods all through Africa were theBantu17. The Chinese way of thinking that advanced severe social and political control was* Legalism18. Social qualifications in Early River Valley civic establishments were* Les s articulated than in Neolithic19. By spreading their language over a gigantic stretch of Africa, the Bantu assumed a job like that played by* Indo-Europeans20. The Bantu most likely started their relocations in light of the fact that of* Population pressures21. A significant part of the early Harappan history stays a secret because* The archeological remains are under water22. The greatest military points of interest of the Indo-Europeans was* Their horses23. The greater part of our data about the early Aryans originates from the* Vedas24. Right groupings of early social orders and their rivers* Mesopotamia †Tigris and Euphrates; Egypt †Nile; Harappan †Indus; China †Huang He25. Harappan society* Most of their homes highlighted private showers and toilets* They exchanged broadly with the Mesopotamians* They had social distinctionsThey delivered authentic workmanship 26. Gathering that held significantly more effect on family structure in China than in other early civilizations* The all-inclusive family27. The Chinese idea of the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† was once in a while used to justify* Rebellion28. Early China appreciated enduring direct significant distance exchange with* None29. Custom phlebotomy was urgent to Maya ceremonies because* It was related with downpour and agriculture30. The most trademark masterful production of the Olmecs were* Colossal human heads etched with basalt31. The Aryans influenced the Indian sub-mainland by A typical composed language* Adding race to the station system* Establishing the Silk Road trade* Advanced utilization of technology32. Which of the accompanying scientific ideas, basic for positional documentation and the control of enormous numbers, was developed by Mayan mathematicians?* Zero33. A definitive wellspring of riches in any rural society is* Land34. This section from the Upanishads clarify w hat Hindu idea? â€Å"According as a man demonstrations and strolls in the way of life, so he becomes. He that does great turns out to be acceptable; he that does insidious gets abhorrent. †* Karma35. Which early Mesopotamian ruler accepted that the divine beings had decided to â€Å"promote the government assistance of the people†¦ (and) to make equity win in the land†?* Hammurabi36. During the hour of the Aryans the Indian political scene was portrayed by* A progression of little kingdoms37. Commitments of the River Valley Civilizations* Metallurgy in agribusiness, government assistance and art* The wagon wheel* Written types of communication* The schedule and the 60-second minute38. What two River Valley human advancements are generally indistinguishable to the extent their utilization of regionalism and the decentralization of political power?* Olmec and Chavin39. Confucian social order* Loyalty to the ruler* Filial acquiescence to one’s father* Respect of more youthful sibling to more seasoned brother* Respect of spouse to wife40. Ladies were significant supporters of the agrarian upheaval since they were likely the* Gender who assembled consumable plants and became different grains41. Shang and Zhou China started the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† primarily* As an approach to exhibit the holiness of the emperor42. The administration structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt* In the two human advancements power was gathered in the hands of a ruler who was viewed as a god43. The Chinese replicated their chariots from* The steppe nomads44. The Period of Warring States alludes to the * Chaotic a centuries ago of the Zhou tradition 45. The early Chinese transported materials and metal merchandise to the progenitors of the Turks and Mongols in the steppes and got what in return?* Horses46. Which of coming up next is a key philosophical and strict component of Daoism?* Emphasis on amicability between humanity47. Which of the accompanying portrays the significant impact of Bantu migrations?* Cultural shared characteristics in sub-Saharan Africa48. Confucius contended that* Educations is basic to turning into a refined gentleman49. The gadget the old Olmec work so as to trap sediment brought by the various streams going through the Mesoamerican lowlands* Terraces50. The best possible request through and through of the first Aryan station system?* Priests, warriors, ranchers/traders, workers, contaminated laborers51. One key job of the standing framework which was not normal for different frameworks of social imbalance in the old world was that the station system* Served to keep up request and strength as political frameworks did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China52. What reason do researchers accept paleolithic Venus puppets served? The puppets mirror a profound enthusiasm for ripeness vital for the age of the new life 53. A key geographic distinction between old Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese society was thatEgypt and China were increasingly disengaged and thusly ensured by their condition than there were the Mesopotamians or Harappans54. Olmec and Mesopotamian political customs are a model of* Decentralized monarchy55. In light of the colossal size of the Zhou express, its sovereigns were constrained to* Institute a primitive arrangement of the governmentUnit Two1. A significant explanation behind the fall of the Roman, Han, and Gupta domains was * Intensified attacks and security issues along their outskirts 2. Prior to 500 C. E. Judaism and Hinduism were comparative in that both * Had composed sacred texts and a moral code to live by 3. In arranging their domain, Persian rulers depended intensely on strategies of organization from the * Mesopotamians 4. The Medes and Persians were initially * Indo-European clans 5. The great Persian administrative methodology was * An edified an open minded one 6. The Persian legitimate code was intended to * Codify laws of the subject people groups 7. The focal point of the Persian correspondences arrange was * The Royal Road 8. Essential fundamentals of Zoroastrianism that affected later religions * The confidence in paradise and hellfire * The support of high good guidelines * The precept that people will experience a last judgment * The conviction that every individual assumes a key job in deciding their otherworldly predetermination 9. The Qin and Han traditions * Went farther than the Persian sovereigns in their endeavors to encourage social solidarity 10. Confucian terms * Ren †kindness * Xiao †dutiful devotion * Dao †way * Junzi †predominant people 11. The way of thinking that scrutinized the social activism, and rather, proposed an existence of reflection and contemplation was * Daoism 12. What was the school of philosophical idea that returned request to China after the Period of Warring States? * Legalism 13. Qin Shihuangdi’s most significant add to China was * Establishing a point of reference for brought together supreme standard 14. The Han reasoning of rule was * A commitment of Qin arrangements of centralizations 15. In 124 B. C. E. , Han Wudi changed China by * Establishing a royal college 16. Which mainstream treatise underlined quietude, dutifulness, compliance, and dedication to their spouses as the temperances generally suitable for ladies? * Admonitions for Women 17. As the Han administration turned out to be all the more impressive and well off, * The hole among rich and poor became perilously enormous 18. The Indian political scene changed drastically in 520 B. C. E. at the point when new authoritative methods were presented after the intrusion of the * Persians 19. The stone and column declarations were given by Ashoka 20. One of the greatest money related issues of the later Mauryan period was the ruler’s choice to * Debase the cash 21. Strategically, the Guptas * Left nearby government and organization in the hands of their partners 22. The achievement and timing of exchange, through the Indian Ocean bowl, to a great extent relied upon * Understanding the rhythms of the storm winds 23. Perhaps the greatest change of the standing framework during this period was * The ascent of organizations, which basically filled in as jati 24. The best social commitment of the Jains was The way that they didn't perceive social chains of command dependent on position 25. At the point when Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, â€Å"Having respects to your own obligation, you should not to flounder, for there is nothing be

The Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias

The Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias Theories Social Psychology Print Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 08, 2019 Henrik Sorensen / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The bandwagon effect refers to the tendency people have to adopt a certain behavior, style, or attitude simply because  everyone else is doing it.?? The more people that adopt a particular trend, the more likely it becomes that other people will also hop on the bandwagon.   The bandwagon effect is part of a larger group of cognitive biases  or errors in thinking that influence the judgments and decisions that people make. Cognitive biases are often designed to help people think and reason more quickly, but they often introduce miscalculations and mistakes.?? Examples of the Bandwagon Effect Fashion: Many people begin wearing a certain style of clothing as they see others adopt the same fashions.Music: As more and more people begin listening to a particular song or musical group, it becomes more likely that other individuals will listen as well.Social Networks: As increasing numbers of people start using certain online social networking websites, other individuals become more likely to begin using those sites as well. The bandwagon effect can also influence how posts are shared as well as interactions within online groups.Diets: When it seems like everyone is adopting a certain fad diet, people become more likely to try the diet themselves.Elections: People are more likely to vote for the candidate that they think is winning. Influential Factors So, why exactly does the bandwagon effect occur? Individuals are highly influenced by the pressure and norms exerted by groups. When it seems like the majority of the group is doing a certain thing, not doing that thing becomes increasingly difficult. This pressure can impact many different aspects of behavior, from what people wear to who they vote for in political races. Some of the factors that can influence the bandwagon effect include: Groupthink The bandwagon effect is essentially a type of groupthink. As more people adopt a particular fad or trend, the more likely it becomes that other people will also hop on the bandwagon. When it seems that everyone is doing something, there is a tremendous pressure to conform, which is perhaps why the bandwagon behaviors tend to form so easily.?? A Desire to Be Right People want to be right. They want to be part of the winning side. Part of the reason people conform is that they look to other people in their social group for information about what is right or acceptable.?? If it seems like everyone else is doing something, then people are left with the impression that it is the correct thing to do. A Need to Be Included Fear of exclusion also plays a role in the bandwagon effect.?? People generally do not want to be the odd one out, so going along with what the rest of the group is doing is a way to ensure inclusion and social acceptance. The need to belong pressures people to adopt the norms and attitudes of the majority to gain acceptance and approval from the group. While the bandwagon effect can be very powerful and leads to the ready formation of trends, these behaviors also tend to be somewhat fragile. People jump on the bandwagon quickly, but they also jump off it just as fast. This is perhaps why trends tend to be so fleeting. Negative and Dangerous Effects of the Bandwagon Effect The impact of these bandwagon trends is often relatively harmless, such as in fashion, music, or pop culture fads. Sometimes they can be far more dangerous. When certain ideas begin to take hold, such as particular attitudes toward health issues, bandwagon beliefs can have serious and damaging consequences. Some negative or even dangerous examples of the bandwagon effect: Individuals who were influenced by the anti-vaccination movement, for example, became less likely to get routine childhood immunizations for their children. This large-scale avoidance of vaccinations has been linked to a recent measles outbreak.Researchers have found that when people learn that a particular candidate is leading in the polls, they are more likely to change their vote to conform to the winning side.?? In one study carried out during the 1992 U.S. presidential election, students who learned that Bill Clinton was leading the race in some polls switched their intended vote from Bush to Clinton.?? A Word From Verywell While the bandwagon effect can have dangerous consequences, it can also lead to the adoption of healthy behaviors. If it seems that the majority of people reject unhealthy behaviors (such as smoking) and embrace healthy choices (such as exercising and working out), people may then become more likely to avoid risky choices and engage in healthy actions.

Persuasive Speech Do Video Games Trigger Off More Violence

Persuasive Speech: Do Video Games Trigger Off More Violence? The more elaborate and violent video games are getting, the more often can you hear an opinion that playing them is detrimental to the teenagers’ mental health and makes them more aggressive in real life. In fact, this suggestion is far-fetched and does not hold water, as there is no evidence to support it. First of all, the majority of surveys that were carried out to clarify this hot issue do not show that video games have adverse effects on our psyche and are more dangerous, than, for instance, films, books or some typical role games that children play outside. Boys have always enjoyed aggressive games like imitating a police pursuit or a war battle, but it doesn’t mean that they do not see the boundaries between the real world and the game world.What is more, according to Patrick Kierkegaard of the University of Essex, England, there is no evident connection between violence statistics figures and the appearance of video games. He claimed that considering soaring sales of video games, the violence figures should also be rocketing, but violence, especially among the young, has decreased. The opponents of the video games might remind us of the campus shootings in the USA, the initiators of which were gamers. However, there is no evidence to suggest that video games were the mai n factor that affected their mental stability and urged them to commit those outrageous crimes. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of young game players are law-abiding citizens. On balance, the allegation that video games are the main factor that causes young people to be aggressive appears to be ungrounded and biased. Mass media’s frequent speculations on this topic distract our attention from the actual causes of violence and let the problem get worse.

5 Large Companies Sued for Racism

A Brief and Simple Analysis of Chapter Two of Grendel Free Essays

(Beginning in paragraph two of Chapter 2, and continuing throughout the chapter, Grendel describes how he used to be as a child. How does this description compare or contrast with the behavior of the humans when they are fully-grown? ) In chapter two of Grendel, John Gardner takes the readers into a deeper aspect of Grendel’s life. Most specifically, this chapter revolves around the childhood life of Grendel. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief and Simple Analysis of Chapter Two of Grendel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Readers are able to access the mind of Grendel as a child, through a chapter that is almost entirely structured as a flashback to the situation that, arguably, may have transformed the typical ‘kid’ into the man-eating beast one was introduced to in Beowulf. However, Grendel isn’t to blame for his future actions, for his entire existence was tarnished when his young, impressionable mind was altered. Grendel’s innocence as a child was robbed, as with all children, when a new understanding of the world’s harshness was grasped. It almost seems, however, that Grendel’s behavior as a child is mirrored in the â€Å"fully-grown and adult† humans he despises so much. Throughout the chapter, Grendel seems to place himself on a risen, intellectual pedestal, with the humans he deems childish roaming blindly and stupidly hopeful far below. As observed through history, the Anglo Saxons were a war like people, with religious seafaring clans that pledged themselves to an invisible greater-power and who traveled far and wide in their seafaring explorations. These traits are identical to Grendel’s memories about his childhood, â€Å"I used to play games when I was young†¦. explored our far-flung underground world†¦.. an endless wargame of leaps†¦whispered plotting with invisible friends†¦childish games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . When Grendel looks out to the humans, he can’t help but recognize his own childhood ways in their lifestyle. The humans’ endless praying and constant adventure is laughable in Grendel’s eyes because it reminds him of his own past existence before his hope and innocence were tarnished by the daunting reality of an unpromising life. Grendel’s attacks may not have been to hurt the humans for the heck of it, but rather, Grendel may have seen it as helping the humans into escaping an oblivious life, just as the humans did to Grendel when he was a child. It may be here that Grendel’s anger arises; Grendel absolutely knows his childhood was robbed from him, and it becomes his duty to enlighten the stupidly arrogant humans to recognize their true existence as well. The humans, as we all know well to much, seem to be stuck in an endlessly spinning cycle of pointlessness and Grendel is the third person outsider who wants to bring upon the harsh reality of life. On page seventeen, Grendel states â€Å"the shocking separateness from me in my mother’s eyes†¦. [I would] hurl myself at my mother†¦comforted, I would gradually ease back out into my games. †. Grendel’s feelings of uneasiness and misunderstandings are eased almost immediately with a hug from his mother, consoled with the love and connection of another. As an adult, Grendel almost despises such comfort, growing obviously angry with the immediate comfort of the humans with the passing of a clan member with the simple thoughts of unification and the extension of life. Grendel lost that sense of spirituality and companionship, and seems to deem it childish and almost unnecessary as an adult. We see Grendel as an independent being in Beowulf, and his murders are controlled in an area where companionship and joy are absolute and strong; the mead hall. It is more than a coincidence that Grendel chose to destroy the heart of the Anglo Saxon community, for he wished to destroy the hearts of the people. His continuation of destruction for what were the next twelve years were not because he enjoyed the killing and eating of the men (because it was stated that he didn’t) but because he realized that the hopefulness and unification of the community would not back down. Grendel’s own childish ways are exhibited here, for he continues his persistence until he can no longer. In Grendel’s eyes, Grendel is a monster who, almost as the Anglo Saxons believed, has grown wiser and more knowledgeable with the endless spinning of life he so ardently chooses to misinterpret. In chapter two, Grendel fixes himself far from the humans that he seems to understand so fully. In fact, Grendel himself is a child who lost his innocence and optimism so abruptly that he didn’t recognize it. Grendel is angry and jealous of the humans because he sees in them the traits that he possessed when his life posed meaning. Grendel became a nihilist, to some extent, because he decided to reject the life and being he was becoming. He instead chose to isolate himself so dangerously from his feelings that he had no other option but to inevitably give in to what he thought he should become. Upon the arrival of his death, Grendel was experiencing was seemed to be a type of mid-life crisis that developed from his childhood, or rather because of its absence. How to cite A Brief and Simple Analysis of Chapter Two of Grendel, Papers

Metaphysical poetry and the Concept of Carpe Diem Essay Example For Students

Metaphysical poetry and the Concept of Carpe Diem Essay Challenge conventions and conservative ideology are common preoccupations of artists and Just as Done champions the libertine ideal in To His Mistress Going to Bed, so Marvels To His Coy Mistress celebrates the metaphysical belief of Carper diem or grasping the day. Both poets see man as a spontaneous and pragmatic being, destined to live one life only and needing to make the most of it. This need to satisfy ones earthly urgings is most clearly expressed by Marvel. In To his Coy Mistress Marvel presents to his lover an argument for lowering her defenses and to give free reign to her desires, while at the same time allowing him to satisfy his own. The poet argues that coyness is, in fact, criminal since we are not alive long. The long, drawn-out vowel sounds of the opening stanza our long loves day; mimics the painful process of his mistresses refusal and a series of ironic references underscores his frustration. An allusion to the conversion of the Jews foregrounds that her preciousness will go on forever, and among other biblical references becomes a surprising mechanism to persuade her to yield up to him her virginity. In the seventeenth century, we might have expected the opposite! A further technique used to this end is that of the traditional blazon, but again the convention takes on an unconventional twist. Instead of a discreet head-to-toe description, Marvel focuses his attention on his womens breast and nether regions: An hundred years should go to praise Thin eyes and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred years to adore each breast But thirty thousand to the rest At the next stanza, Marvel plunges into a metaphysical conceit; that is, a couplet reminding us of our mortality: And at my back / Hurrying near. The conditional but serves as a structural and rhetorical hinge in the poem contrasting indefinite patience and naive virtue against our march to a certain death And the very next couplet presents a sobering reminder of the permanence of this: And yonder Lie/Deserts Eternity. The prospect of death, proposed by Marvel through the metaphor of a marble vault, is an attempt to convince the woman that her decision to conserve her virginity is a wasteful one. The option is also made distasteful through the phallic reference of worms trying her long preserved virginity. This is where Marvel attempts to highlight the folly of holding out and signals the ideal of Carper Diem introduced in the opening stanza. The final stanza provides a positive solution to the robbers stated in the previous one. His answer to death and mortality is passion. Marvels solution involves living the now as though life is short; to act instead of waiting. By personifying time, Marvel places desire into perspective. The satisfaction of primal urgings is a means of escaping the inevitable: Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. This need to quench ones lust in order to truly live is similarly portrayed in Donnas To His Mistress Going to Bed. In order to make himself as appealing to her as she is to him, and in order to serve is wishes, Done aims to praise his mistresses beauty and intellect. Done shows his lady that the game is over; that he has waited long enough to have her. He uses the comparison of his waiting to that of a woman in labor. All rest my powers defy Until I labor, in labor I lie This argument is not meant to be blunt, and Done emphasizes his more sophisticated approach through the use of suggestive words such as rest and lie. .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .postImageUrl , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:hover , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:visited , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:active { border:0!important; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:active , .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92a2b1eb731f6881dd52ae0d01fcfd0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poem Analysis: â€Å"Facing West from California’s Shores† by Walt Whitman EssayThey not only point to coitus but slow down the pace of the poem and set the female on the back foot as the attack begins. In this second stanza Done uses imperative orbs as his weapon, to chip away at the cold outer shell of his mistresss armor: Unpin Unlace License my roving hands This is achieved through reference to the womens intellect rather than emotions; an approach typical of metaphysical poets. Metaphoric comparisons are used to objectify the woman. References to America and a Newfoundland are used to instill the image of a great discovery that has yet to be made; und erlining desires yet to be satisfied. The end of the extended metaphor is proposed by the use of an exclamation mark, emphasizing the just that has consumed Done. Reflecting the social perspectives of the time, Done also suggests that a womans beauty is profound; like a guilt book cover, but the subtle suggestion is that it is a book that should be open! For Done, beauty is not an end in itself: Like pictures, or like books gay coverings made For laymen, are all women thus arrayed.. What needs then have more covering than a man. Always, with Donnas love poetry, the emphasis is on the use of rhetorical devices that point to the unleashing of repressed desire. So it is with Andrew Marvel who sees a similar range of techniques to express his lust and to highlight the importance of the here and now. The metaphysical poets certainly believed in seizing the day! As the foregoing analysis of To His Coy Mistress and To His Mistress Going to Bed illustrate, Marvel and Done, two of the greatest exponents of metaphysical endeavor, offer a new perspective on living. They posit no religious promise of a hereafter, but suggest that heaven may be found on earth; that our faith, if we have any, is much more profitably placed in the temple of the body.

The Role of Political Environmentalism in Modern World

Free Essays on Explain The Term Miracle

PAPER 1 – CHRISTIANITY THROUGH A STUDY OF LUKE AND ACTS R.S. GCSE 2005 Coursework Rebecca Gingell LVW Ai) Explain the term ‘Miracle’ The Chambers 20th Century dictionary defines the term miracle as a supernatural event, a marvel or wonder. Today the word miracle is generally believed by Christians as an event that 2apparently contradicts the laws of nature and transcends human power. In Jesus’ day these happenings were not viewed as freak occurrences, but as signs of God’s action. At one time miracles were much more important to the argument between religion and science than they are today. Despite this, there are still some churches which claim miracles continue to happen today, especially healing miracles. There are considered to be four types of miracle – healing, casting out demons, power over nature and raising people from the dead. The miracle stories of the New Testament are used to prove to people the existence of God, the divinity of Jesus Christ and the legitimacy of the church. In the New Testament, Luke’s miracle stories are not there to merely tell a story. They help us to understand the meaning of Jesus. The miracles prove not only Jesus’ power, but his love for his people. Luke reports about thirty-five miracles in his gospel.... Free Essays on Explain The Term Miracle Free Essays on Explain The Term Miracle PAPER 1 – CHRISTIANITY THROUGH A STUDY OF LUKE AND ACTS R.S. GCSE 2005 Coursework Rebecca Gingell LVW Ai) Explain the term ‘Miracle’ The Chambers 20th Century dictionary defines the term miracle as a supernatural event, a marvel or wonder. Today the word miracle is generally believed by Christians as an event that 2apparently contradicts the laws of nature and transcends human power. In Jesus’ day these happenings were not viewed as freak occurrences, but as signs of God’s action. At one time miracles were much more important to the argument between religion and science than they are today. Despite this, there are still some churches which claim miracles continue to happen today, especially healing miracles. There are considered to be four types of miracle – healing, casting out demons, power over nature and raising people from the dead. The miracle stories of the New Testament are used to prove to people the existence of God, the divinity of Jesus Christ and the legitimacy of the church. In the New Testament, Luke’s miracle stories are not there to merely tell a story. They help us to understand the meaning of Jesus. The miracles prove not only Jesus’ power, but his love for his people. Luke reports about thirty-five miracles in his gospel....

Marine industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marine industry - Essay Example Credible statistics and claims were uttered in line with this phenomenon. Perhaps, one might say such things are inevitable, we cannot deny the fact that these things could happen without the leniency and negligence of people working with regards to their duties plus the fact that these things could be avoided. Dr. Anita Rothblum of the United States Coast Guard research and development center stressed that over 40 years, the shipping industry focused on improving ship structures and reliability of ship systems to reduce casualty and ensure proficiency and reliability. However, the casualty is still high. She further pointed out that " Maritime system is a people system" and people do play a big part with regards to these errors. Moreover, she explains that 75-96% percent are caused by human errors and tanker accidents, collision, fires and explosions cause some of these incidents. This claim is not new to marine authorities 1. At present, if we are to base on the biggest of perhaps one of the most tragic disasters of ship industries in the world, the tragedy of MV Doa Paz in the Philippines is perhaps the perfect example of human error to date.

Critical literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical literature review - Research Paper Example Globalization involves the process of globalizing which implies particularly the growth of a tremendous integrated global economy marked particularly by the free flow of capital, free trade and the tapping of low-cost foreign labor markets. The world has witnessed various advances in the field of communication and enhanced technology that have both made globalization possible. Globalization has become a common phenomenon in the world wherein the most production of goods and services has become international. A key element of the current wave of increased globalization is foreign production chains that presently allow workers to pair easily up across various borders. Although globalization has been seen to have benefits, there are various arguments put forward by lobby societies and protestors who oppose the conditions under which globalization operates. Likewise, the incidence of inequality has been on the rise with many nations not getting a fair share of this global trend. The foll owing literature addresses these concerns and provides more insight into the issue of globalization and inequality. Joyce (2008) in his research addresses the gap that exist between the richest and poorest nations in terms the average GDP per capita levels. The author argues that despite the tremendous increase in globalization, developing nations have continued to drag behind economic wise. In his research, the author provides a review of the evidence on the contributing factors of the disparities in GDP per capita, which has concentrated on the role institutions play in fostering development. These institutions mainly reflect prevailing domestic conditions; however, globalization, as indicated by the Joseph, has an impact on development of these nations. The work adds to the knowledge that globalization has direct effects on economic activity, which impacts the occurrence of poverty,

Harry Potter Movie Review

Harry Potter Movie Review The Harry Potter series has always been an attractive choice amongst a wide variety of viewers much with the book as with its film series. Each motion picture brings more adventure and excitement than the previous; audiences are eager to watch how Harry Potter and his friends grow up in each film. Harry Potter returns in his fifth episode of the series in Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book is actually more complex and much longer than the movie. This film shows how all the young wizards are growing up and how forthcoming adulthood is coming fearfully fast, with some hurdles. Harry is expelled from Hogwarts for using magic outside of the school, although it was for self defense. Once again, the plot as well as the unique talents and personalities of each of its characters, along with a masterful production full of special visual effects, transport us to the magical world of Harry, fulfilling the expectations of a loyal audience of Harry Potters fans. The above combination makes each movie a must see to the viewer. Adaptation from Book to Movie The process of adapting the book into the movie was very complicated for the screenwriter Michael Goldenberg. Since the book is longer, provides many more details of the story so Michael had to shorten it to create a reasonable timeline for the length the movie. There are many differences between the structure of the story in the book and the structure in the movie. For example, in the actual book, Harry and his acquaintances create a group that becomes known as the Dumbledores Army. They need a secret place to gather so they can learn and practice defensive spells away from the intrusive eyes of Dolores Umbridge, so they go to Dobby for help. In the movie, Dobby is completely absent. There is also an alteration of the ending scene where Harry and his team fight the soul eaters and Voldemort himself inside the Ministry of Magic. In the book Harry and his friends have to pass through several magic rooms to finally get to Voldemort and in the movie the magic rooms are left out and take the characters straight to the point of the fight. If the storyline of the movie were to be produced identical as it is in the book, it would be too long and it would exceed any films budget. Special Visual Effects In Harry Potter and the order of Phoenix, supervisor Tim Burke made sure the film was done surpassing the previous ones with new creatures and environmental effects, for this he contracted the Movie Picture Company (MPC) and Double Negative which was largely responsible for creating the sets, building environments, and backgrounds for the movie. The Movie Picture Company was in charge of enhancing the magic effects in fight scenes of the movie. The lighting and creation of new magical creatures in the movie was done by Frame store CFC and Industrial Light Magic. One example where the blend of lighting and special effects editing are brought together in action is the scene where Dumbledore battles Lord Voldemort. In the scene both characters are shooting each other with flaming blasts from their wands, which is an example of a computer generated effect and the part where Voldemort screams and all the glass in the building shatters is a handmade effect by the people who constructed th e stage scene. The lighting in the scene is dark since the characters are in a building and it is a dark conflict scene. In all Harry Potter films, the conflict or fight scenes all are with dark lighting. The unique blend of special effects in the movie is what makes the movie very attractive to many of its viewers. Set Design/Filming The set designer for the first four Harry Potter films, Stuart Craig, comes forth to help with the fifth film set design. The overall inspiration of classical architecture of Hogwarts in the film comes from underground subway stations in London. The whole actual set and movie shots are done in the prime location which an old aircraft is manufacturing facility called Leavesden Film Studios located in England. One of the biggest set structures in the movie is the Ministry of Magic. It is a massive 220 foot long practical city within a city, Consisting of more than 30,000 individually placed tiles on multiple levels (Horn). There is a big part of the set that was built by hand and there are some portions that are digitally edited in. One prime example of a purely digital made structure would be the Hall of Prophecies room in the school. The final fight scene between Dumbledore and Voldemort takes place in the hall of prophecies. The part where the windows shatter to the ground when Vold emort surrenders is all digitally done, if that were part of a real set structure, it wouldve taken weeks to be re-built. The filming for the movie was done on and off set in various locations around England. The majority of the interior film shots were done in the studio and others such as the flight scenes and Harrys trial were done at outside locations. The flight scene where Harry and his friends fly to Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, and the flight of Dumbledores Army to the Ministry of Magic were done at River Thames in southern England. The creativeness and dedication of the set crew and production really pays off in the end when audiences watch the final product in action. Casting Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix features a world class cast consisting of some original actors and characters along with new ones. The key characters play a crucial role in this movie as well as the previous ones because the overall plot focuses on Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) and his friends Ron Weasley (Rupert Grint) and Hermione Granger ( Emma Watson) with whom Harry grew up since his beginning at Hogwarts. Hagrid the gatekeeper (Robbie Coltrane) and Dumbledore (Michael Gambon) the headmaster at Hogwarts are kept alive throughout the film because they have been helping and supporting Harry since the very beginning. There is a mix of new student characters such as Luna Lovegood (Evanna Lynch) who plays the role of Harrys new best friend in this movie. The blending of new and original characters in this film is what brings a whole new adventure in the film. In general, Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix is a must watch film for all fantasy lovers. The combination of special effects, acting, and plot make the movie captivating and entertaining. The movie compared to some other sci-fi type films does not overwhelm the viewer with too many special visual effects; there is a brilliant balance between the fantasy and the special effects. The production design and cinematography in the movie is very astounding in their suitability and professionalism.

A Study or Research on Depression and Anxiety Essay

I. Introduction ‘’ Anna† had been suffering from depression and anxiety attack since adolescence. Her depression started when her parents broke up while her anxiety attacks started her mother started working in Cebu, leaving Anna her psychological problems, but when she was 17, Anna did the ultimate act giving in to her depression, she committed to suicide by hanging. This true story brings home the reality of the problems of depression and anxiety that could afflict individuals regardless of age, status, race, social standing or gender, and the intensity and severity of the pain they bring that could be lead to the ultimate act of suicide. Even the great Sir Winston Churchill suffered from depression in his lifestyle. Severe depression marked by prolonged and very deep sorrow and lowered self-esteem, and anxiety, a serious state of deep worry and panic, affect a large number of individuals today. Shimberg (1991) identifies depression as â€Å" the most common biological disorder seen in psychiatry today that nobody can escape because people are either directly affected by it or try to cope with a  family member who is affected with depression† Aside from the ever-present danger and risk of suicide, depression and anxiety rob affected persons with loss of happiness and well being that could lead to physical, psychological and well social ailments. Many are prevented from going to school from finding or maintaining lucrative jobs, and from enjoying social activities with family and friends. All of these negative effects and fatal impact on depression and anxiety make this study highly significant. This aims to show that depression and anxiety when left undetected o untreated would lead to suicide among teenagers and adults alike. The second part of this study will present the salient facts about depression, its types, causes, risk factors, effects and dangers from suicide, as well as therapy and preventive measures to stop afflicted individuals from committing self-destruction. The next part will present all the facts about anxiety, the different types or manifestations, cause, risk factors, effects, dangers of suicide and also therapy and preventive measures.  The least part will focus on suicide. -the types and methods, the statistics of suicide due to depression and anxiety and the preventive measures that must be done by those nearest to the afflicted people with suicidal tendencies. II. Depression A.Definition Depression can be defined and described in various ways. Kyes and Hofling (1980) define it as a pathologic state, brought on the feelings of loss and/ or guilt and characterized by sadness and lowering of self-esteem. ¹It may also be simply defined as a brain disorder that affects thoughts, moods, feelings, behavior and physical health. More specifically, depression is best defined in terms of its attributes, or the observable signs, symptoms and charges it brings to an afflicted person. These include: (1) a marked alteration in mood such as sadness, loneliness and apathy; (2) a negative self-concept associated with self-reproaches and self-blame; (3) Regressive and self-punitive wishes such as the desires to escape, hide, or die; (4) vegetative changes including anorexia, insomnia, loss of libido ; and (5) change in activity level including retardation or agitation. ³ B.Types of Depression Today, psychiatrists categorize depression into the different types based on their characteristics. The first type termed Major depressive episode is marked by symptoms that appear without any cause that can be pinpointed. It prevents the person from doing normal daily activities and may be isolated (occur once) or recurrent. The second type called Manic episode is marked by dominating abnormal euphoria (extreme happy agitated state) or irritability. The third is Mixed episode marked by alternating mood, between mania depression for at least one week. This episode also goes by the name manic depression or bipolar disorder. The fourth and last in this group of psychiatric categories is Dysthymic disorder marked by the affected individual can still perform normal activities.⠁ ´ The reaction states in the depression are also classified in terms of state or intensity of impairment and disturbance. Neurotic depressive reaction is identified as a state of depression of neurotic intensity wherein realty testing is largely unimpaired and physiologic disturbances are mild. On the other hand, Psychotic depressive reaction is that state depression of psychotic intensity in which realities testing severely impaired and physiologic disturbances (vegetative signs) are usually conspicuous. The third state called Reactive depression is a depressive state which the precipitating stress can be clearly discerned and seen to be of some magnitude. The fourth state called Unipolar depression is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, usually of psychotic intensity, without episodes of mania.⠁ µ Another type of depression is called Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD. This is a pattern of major depression related to seasonal changes which might be caused by decreased levels of sunlight and increased melatonin (mood-controlling hormone) in the brain.⠁ ¶ Unlike SAD which can be explained by a biochemical cause the cause of depression and its various types and states difficult to pinpoint. Scientists and experts believe that a combination of factors such as genetic vulnerability, environmental factors, stress, physical illness, or neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain could lead to depression. The known causes of depression are inherited vulnerability; environmental triggers; medications; illnesses; personality; alcohol; nicotine; and drug abuse; and diet.⠁ ¶ Inherited vulnerability as cause of depression means that having a family history of depression increases the risk of developing depression. A person who has a parent or relative with this condition is in danger of getting bogged down with depression. Researchers have isolated several genes involved in bipolar depression, although not all with this negative heredity trait develops the problem. It has been clarified that there are other factors that can lead t depression and one of these are environmental triggers such as stressful life events including loss or death of a loved one, divorce, break up of a relationship, loss of a job, financial worries, and sickness or loss of health or independence.⠁ · Although depression just like stress, is a part of life, when the depression starts to control a person’s life for over two weeks and leads to passive behavior prolonged sorrow, lack of appetites and a loss of the general zest for living, then he or she has shifted from simply being depressed to suffering from depression. This type of depression caused by a situation, specific event or life changing situation is called reactive or situational depression.⠁ ¸ In addition to inherited vulnerability, environmental triggers and stressful  events or situations, personality traits can also be cause of depression having low self-esteem, being too dependent, self critical, pessimistic and negative, and being easily overcome by stress can make a person prone to depression.⠁ ¹ Also, medications and illnesses, as well as habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking and drug abuse as well as poor dietary habits can also cause depression. Prolonged use of certain medications such as beta blocker propanolol or Inderal, some blood pressure medicines and drugs for treating arthritis and Parkinson’s disease may cause depression. Sometimes, steroid medications such as Prednisone and oral contraceptives, and anti-cancer medicines can also being on depression. Those chronically sick from heart disease are also greater risk for suffering from full blown depression. This connection between heart disease and hypothyroidism has been established by studies. ¹Ã¢  ° Studies also found that contrary to previous beliefs, people did not turn to alcohol, nicotine or drugs to get comfort from depression but it is these substances that make them prone to depression and anxiety disorders. Studies found that about 30% of depressives and 60% of bipolar depressives abuse alcohol and drugs. Moreover other bad habits such as not eating well and lack of foliate and Vitamin B-12 may also result in depressive symptoms. ¹Ã‚ ¹ With the various cause of depression cited above and one might ask what the risk factors are and who are at risk for depression. Shimberg (1991) point to stages in life that might trigger the problem including forced retirement; being left behind by children who get married or leave for school; becoming an adolescent. These life stages and occurrences individuals at the risk for depression. Childhood depression and post depression are forms of depression that often do not get recognized. ¹Ã‚ ² Moreover, according to Kyes (1980), some research had indicated that depression and bipolar disorders might earlier by experts. This indication is linked to increase in the adolescent suicide rate in recent years. ¹Ã‚ ³ Experts also warn that outside of those already mentioned as at risk for  depression because of the altered stage in life, families of those who are depressed at most at risk for depression. The reason for this is the destruction that depression cause on the depressed and all family members round them: damage to relationships, end to careers, lost dreams and chaos and torment for the family. So mothers of depressed children become depressed, and children of depressed parents also become more likely to get depressed. ¹Ã¢  ´ In terms of age, race, status, gender and other factors, experts point out that depression can affect all ages and all races, but typically the first episode occurs between the ages of 25 and 44. Although older people are no more at risk than other age groups, depression are higher among single individuals and those not in long-term relations- among divorced people and those who live alone. Women are more prone to major depression, dysthemia and seasonal affective disorder. It is said that one out of four women will experience some type of depression so women are at 25% higher risk, although both genders have about the same risk for bipolar depression.  ¹Ã¢  µ More important than knowing the risk factors causes of depression is knowledge of preventive measures and the signs and symptoms of depression so that its negative effects and serious impact can be avoided. When left untreated and undetected, depression can result only in the worst consequences of disability, dependency and even suicide. Statistics reveals that as high as 70 percent (70%) of people who committed suicide may have some form of depression. ¹Ã¢  ¶ D.Effects and Dangers of Suicide Indeed, the impact of depression is severe because it negatively affects all aspects of health and depresses thinking, moods, feelings and behavior, as well as weakens physical health. The depressed person loses interest in normal day to day activities and experience lack of pleasures in activities previously enjoyed. This loss of happiness is called anhedonia; it erases all the enjoyment previously experienced in life. Hence, the depressed person feels very sad, helpless and hopeless and suffers from crying spells.  These effects last for a long time.  ¹Ã¢  · In addition to the above major affects of depression, the afflicted individual also suffers from disturbed sleep; marked less or gain in weight; agitation or slowed body movements; fatigue; diminished self-esteem; persistent thoughts of death and suicide; impaired thinking or concentration and loss of libido or interest in sex. Depressed individuals either sleep too much or suffer from insomnia. They may wake up in the middle of the night or at dawn and not fall asleep again. They often become agitated, irritable and easily gets angered at little things. On the opposite extremes, they become robot like, moving slowly and speaking in a monotone. They feel fatigued and weary, filled with guilt and feelings of worthlessness. Because of these, they think of suicide and not death, unable to make the right decisions and forgetting things. They lose interest in sexual relations. It is when they become overwhelmed that depressed individuals commit suicide. ¹Ã¢  ¸ A study by Cassidy, Flamegon and Spellman (1957) found that 58% of depressed individuals were psychologically affected, often saying that they had nothing to look forward to, were afraid to be alone, could not remember anything, had black moods and blind rages, felt all mixed up, very unhappy or simply brooded around the house. Some (18%) felt that their head was heavy, pressured in the throat or had headaches. Some left a pain in the head like a balloon about to burst urinated frequently and had upset stomach. A few (11%) felt tired, exhausted or jumpy. They confessed to inability to do work, lack of strength and trembling like a leaf. A small number (2%) experience a mixture of medical and psychological problems such as getting scared and not being able to breath, suffering from stiff necks and loss of power, feeling a weakness in their arms. ¹Ã¢  ¹ In the major form of depression, depressed persons become so fatigued that they sleep throughout the day and night. They are unable to work or do simple chores due to exaggerated sadness and lack of lethargy that cannot overcome. Compounding their depressive feelings are those of worthlessness, excessive guilt and receiving thoughts of suicide affected by the lifetime  of these major depressive effects are 5-12 out of 100 men and 10-26 of women. The American Psychological association (APA, 1994) also point slowly increasing severity of the problem. Maj. Et al. (1992) state that about 75% of those who suffer from a depressive episode may suffer it again within five years . ²Ã¢  ° People who suffer from bipolar disorder or manic depression marked by alternating moods of depression and mania are affected differently. In this period of a manic episode, they become restless and feel energetic even with only three hours of sleep. They become very talkative, with racing thoughts and flighty ideas. They easily get distracted and increase their social work, school or sexual activities. They also become excessively involved in pleasurable activities that could lead to painful consequences such as uncontrollable buying sprees, sexual indiscretions or foolish business investments. All these can affect their work and social relationships. ²Ã‚ ¹ Less marked affects can be seen in the people with dysthemia or chronic low-level depression. While they may also suffer from disturbed sleep, energy and self-esteem, they are not debilitated; those who suffer from it often lack self-confidence or motivation and remain in abusive relationships. ²Ã‚ ² E.Therapy and Prevention Because depression especially major episodes can lead to suicide, treatment measures must be followed starting with techniques including giving of tranquilizing drugs for mania or antidepressant drugs for depressions, electroconvulsive therapy, milieu therapy, occupational and recreational therapies, and supportive psychotherapy. In addition to these, the most important treatment objective is to change whatever underlying personality problems are causing the depression through psychoanalysis or psychotherapy. ²Ã‚ ³ Three specific forms of psychotherapy that can effectively treat depression are cognitive therapy, behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy.  These are combinations of one of the recommended such as tricyclics or selective serotonin reuptake inhabitations can effectively treat the condition. Other specified forms of treatment are electroconvulsive therapy and phototherapy for seasonal depression. ²Ã¢  ´ The type of treatment given to a depressed person depends on the physiological symptoms that can be observed including disturbance of sleep or loss of the desire to eat. In such cases, anti depressant medications that act to increase the amount of nor epinephrine, serotonin or both available in the synapses. These substances identified as neurotransmitters are found in decreased amounts in depression. Antidepressants that have been found effective are tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidate (MAO) inhibitions and selective serotonin reuptake inhabitations (SSRIS). The SSRIS are preferred because of fewer side effects and they are better tolerated for longer treatment. One example is Prozac. For those suffering from bipolar depression, lithium is usually given in all cases where these medications are used; care should be taken to prevent patients from using them in suicide attempts. ²Ã¢  µ The need to prevent depressed individuals from suicide attempts cannot be overemphasized. Statistics reveals that about 15% of the population experiences major depression and some point in life, putting them at risk for suicide. This danger increases due to the fact that depression is often not diagnosed, or when diagnosed, it is not treated adequately. Physicians need to always assess the risk of suicide by direct questioning because patients often fail to put their thoughts into words if they are not encouraged to do so. When such specific plans of suicide are discovered and if significant risk factors exist such as a past record of suicide attempts, deep hopelessness, accompanying medical illness, substance abuse, or social isolation and loneliness, the patient or depressed individual must be referred right away to a mental health specialist. The physicians should try to dig deeper with hope and empathy in dealing with the depressed patient, and become sensitive to hidden feelings denial a [atient who shows signs of anxiety, panic or agitation is at significantly increased risk of suicide. Almost 15% of patients with untreated depression will commit suicide but  majority of these will have asked for help within a month of their suicide. ²Ã¢  ¶ Because of the ever present danger and risk of suicide among depressive individuals, therapy and treatment should be implemented with clear steps for preventive measures. These include providing a safe environment to protect them from self-injury or suicide; providing a structured environment to encourage the patients to engage in daily and recreational activities ; to reactivate their interests away from personal concerns ; and to motivate them for the treatment and introduce psychotherapy and occupational therapy always, the doctors and caregivers should aim at building trust through one-to-one relationships, showing interest and giving positive support to help build the patients ego and self-esteem. They have to help provide adequate nutrition, sleep and exercise for the patients. ²Ã¢  · IV. Anxiety A. Definition Aside from and often occurring with depression are feelings of anxiety, best described as â€Å" an abnormal and overwhelming signs such as sweating, tension, and increased pulse ; by doubt concerning the reality of the threat ; and by self-doubt concerning one’s capacity to cope with it.  ²Ã¢  ¸ It must be pointed out that anxiety is a normal and useful feeling when it warns of possible danger, but uncontrollable anxiety becomes a disorder when the affected person becomes bombarded with intense, frequent and continuous false alarms. These false alarms may result in dysfunctional avoidance behavior such as refusal to leave the house for fear of a panic attack. Such anxiety disorders are reported as most frequently occurring type of mental disorders in the general population as reported by the American Psychological Association (1994). About 5% of the population suffers from acute or chronic anxiety, with women twice more likely to be affected. More than two percent (2%) of Americans for example have generalized anxiety disorder and are persistently axioms and disturbed. They become excessively and unrealistically worried about life circumstances. About a third of the populations also have at least one irrational or unreasonable fear or phobia. ²Ã¢  ¸ Such exaggerated worry often goes together with depression, which experts think is also caused by imbalance of neurotransmitters. As opposed to normal worry that encourages people to plan and prepare for the future, and to get financial security for the family and the future, anxiety disorders lead to feelings of apprehension, nervousness and nagging uneasiness that resemble a heart attack, accompanied by fast heartbeat, palpitations, seating and dizziness. People with anxiety disorders may also suffer from headaches, insomnia and relentless fatigue. ²Ã¢  ¹ B.Types of Anxiety Anxiety disorders are usually classified as generalized or free floating anxiety; phobic anxiety; or panic attacks. Free floating anxiety refers to morbid states of anxiety that are relatively persistent and generalized. On the other hand, phobic anxiety refers to directed of focused anxiety which is an unreasonable and unfounded fear of an object or situation that leads to avoidance situation. Such phobias are of three main categories. The first are phobias of specific objects or situations such as fear of thunder, spiders, etc. The second are social phobias connected to social situations such as speaking or eating in public; while the third is agoraphobia, anxiety of leaving ones home or familiar surroundings and being in crowded place. The last major category of anxiety disorders, panic attacks, refer t brief but very intense attacks of anxiety. ³Ã¢  ° Such panic attacks are or panic disorders are distinguished from real panic because the intense fear and feelings of doom or terror are not justified by the situation. These attacks are accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, heart palpitations, trembling, chest pains and even fear dying or going crazy. ³Ã‚ ¹ In the related disorder called agoraphobia mentioned earlier, the fear is connected to inability to escape such as from crowded grocery stores, elevators, a bridge, or a train, car or bus. The investigating factor is fear of having a panic attack in a public place; hence the afflicted person  avoids leaving home altogether. A similar anxiety disorder is obsessive- compulsive Disorder which is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions that lead to severe distress that interfere with life. Obsessions are persisting thoughts or ideas like the notion of a terrible accident about to happen to a loved one or that underwear is filled with germs compulsions and intentional behaviors or mental acts performed to act on an obsession, often as a magical technique to world off the obsessive threat, such as taking a bath over or washing the hands repeatedly. Those with OCD give in to irresistible acts that they perform repeatedly even if they know are irrational. ³Ã‚ ² One type anxiety disorder that has become common is Post- traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. This is marked by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing experience outside the range of usual human experience such as seeing someone killed; being tortured; being raped; or losing one’s home in tsunami or natural disaster. The signs include nightmares, flashbacks, lessened responsiveness to the world, and psychological numbness. ³Ã‚ ³ C.Causes and Risk Factors of Anxiety Whether anxiety is generalized or free-floating, phobic, obsessive- compulsive or caused by traumatic stress or panic attack, it is often exaggerated worry that goes together with depression. Hence, like depression, it is also caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters as experts believe. ³Ã¢  ´ Also, like depression, anxiety disorders can be traced to several root causes including genetic vulnerability, and environmental factors. Family studies have shown that genetic factors. Family studies have shown that genetic factors and heredity contribute to anxiety disorders such as panic, simple phobia and obsessive-compulsive. People suffering from anxiety disorders have family members with anxiety and mood disorders. This generic vulnerability is believed to be due to mechanisms involving the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Obsessive- compulsive  syndromes, for example, have been found to be the result of imbalance among neurotransmitter systems. As for environment, growing eyes in a home with pathologically anxious parents or family members give a significant environmental risk for anxiety disorders. ³Ã¢  µ One group of anxiety disorders, the phobias, can be traced to traumatic or painful roots. Psychiatrists believe that they often result from one single incident that was very frightening, painful or traumatic enough to leave a scar in the unconscious mind, one famous example was Rita Hayworthis phobia for riding elevators. A famous actress, she was once trapped in a lift in a tall building in Madrid when all of sudden, it plunged 20 floors down before the emergency brakes worked. After this event, she developed a phobia for elevators and moved only ride escalators or go to the event of walking up to a destination. She confessed that even thinking above riding an elevator would make her feel cold; she had developed claustrophobia. ³Ã¢  ¶ However, experts also point out that phobias maybe caused by a series of disturbing experiences or situations. This series of unpleasant, frightening events can deeply ingrain the fear in a person’s subconscious mind. One example is the case of famous Mike Douglas who developed acrophobia or fear of flying. At the first, he saw gasoline pawing out of the gas tanks of a B-24 Liberator he had to ride on a assignment. Although the plane did not burn the sight of gasoline hitting the airplane’s wings terrified him. On another tour, the plane he rode on lost an engine and they had to crash-land. Douglas had to be carried from the wreckage and since these two experiences, he had developed from the wreckage and since these two experiences, he had developed acrophobia. ³Ã¢  · In addition to different types of phobias, teenagers can develop anxieties because of difficulties connected with their struggles with issues of freedom and separation from parents, and the need to establish their personal identity. Teenagers often experience fear, ambivalence, and confusion about assuming the role of adults, and these may result in deep emotional conflicts and anxieties. High degree of anxiety among teenagers may be indicated by their overly passive, compliant and conforming  behaviors. ³Ã¢  ¸ Oftentimes, anxiety is caused by exaggerated concerns with the possibility of being physically or emotionally hurt in the future. For example, a student suffering from anxiety would experience continual thoughts of failing in a coming test and everyone thinking that he is stupid. ³Ã¢  ¹ D.Effects of anxiety and Dangers of Suicide Like depression, anxiety has harmful effects on the affected individual. They might feel apprehensive and nervous, troubled by nagging and constant uneasiness about the future. Attacks of anxiety are similar to a heart attack accompanied by rapid heartbeat, palpitations, sweating and dizziness. Anxious people also from headaches, insomnia, and relentless fatigue. When left untreated, anxiety disorders increase the risk for hypertension and heart disease.⠁ ´Ã¢  ° In the case of phobias, the extreme fright results in physical changes including quickening of heartbeat and responses, dilation of the pupils, and pouring of large amounts of energy producing adrenalin.⠁ ´Ã‚ ¹ This response is called the Flight or Fight response and is commonly known to become harmful to health when prolonged. In the case of teenagers, those suffering from anxiety often become preoccupied with physical complaints and feelings. They experience disturbed interpersonal relationships and become plagued and bothered by unrealistic fears. Because they cannot express their fears and anxiety, they may act out their feelings through dysfunctional behaviors like aggression, juvenile or drugs, and truancy. But the worse impact of anxiety is suicide.⠁ ´Ã‚ ² Indeed, the danger of suicide due to anxiety cannot be ignored. A study conducted in Sweden involving 3000 patients suffering from anxiety disorders found that before they reached 70 years old, one third or about 1000 died because of suicide. Hence, anxiety disorders predisposed affected people to commit suicide. ⠁ ´Ã‚ ³ E.Therapy and Prevention To relieve suffering and prevent suicide, proper management of anxiety attacks, treatment techniques and preventive measures must be followed by the afflicted individual and those who care for them. Persons affected by anxiety can learn the techniques of muscle relaxation and biofeedback. They have to take prescribed anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitions (SSRIs) and buspirone (bulpar) to help relieve anxiety symptoms.⠁ ´Ã‚ ³ According to western (1996), benzodiazepines are useful for short-term treatment of anxiety symptoms. The earliest medicine of this type was valium but this has since been replaced by alprazolen or xanax which is more effective in treating panic symptoms. These medications increase the activity of GABA neurotransmitters that inhibits activation throughout the nervous system. Hence, anxiety is reduced by increasing inhibitory neurotransmitters. In the case of panic disorder, psychiatrists prescribe antidepressant medications for faster relief of anxiety.⠁ ´Ã¢  µ In addition to medications which can be habit forming, those suffering from phobias can turn to other techniques to combat phobias. Trudy weirs man, director of the Phobia Workshop in New York suggests an eight-step plan to fight phobias. The plan includes the following steps; â€Å"(1) accepting the phobia; (2) Realizing that phobia cannot kill; (3) Not running and focusing instead on the present situation; (4) Making a chart of feelings and thoughts during a phobic situation; (5) Relaxation using the tighten-relax method; (6) Keeping in touch with reality to divert attention such us opening mail; (7) Belief in one’s own ability to function with fear levels; (8) Seeking professional help when all else fails’’ ⠁ ´Ã¢  ¶ However, it must be pointed out that the anxious individuals need all the help they can get. Those who come in contact with the, especially parents,  teacher and guidance counselors must be careful and be very cautious with teenagers rather the ignore behavior that often signs of serious disturbance and anxiety. For example, a teenager was suspended from school because of tribal rebellion, truancy and drug use. In the absence of social support from school officials and friends, the teenager overdosed on a bottle of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. The treatment revealed problems of depression.⠁ ´Ã¢  · People who come in control with anxious or depressed individuals must be aware of suicidal wishes that are expressed. Such suicidal wishes are extreme expressions of the desire to escape the suffering they imagine in the future and the burdens they believe they are placing on their families. In order to lighten the burden of suffering, hopelessness and mistaken ideas of the facility of their lives, the guidance counselor, teacher or psychiatrist must help the anxious person to examine their reasoning and think about alternative solutions to their problem. They must be guide in correcting their mistaken ideas about things that make them feel hopeless burden that add to their family’s sufferings once they recognize that there is a hope or alternative way, they will be motivated and forget about suicidal thought.⠁ ´Ã¢  ¸ Indeed, the need to correctly assess those people who are in danger of committing suicide and to follow the strategies to prevent them from putting into action suicidal thoughts cannot be overemphasized. School Nurses especially need to be vigilant in diagnosing teenagers with suicidal tendencies. The signs and symptoms of emotionally disturbed teenagers include the following. Social isolation related to inability to engage in personal relationships; Potential for self-directed violence related to suicidal behavior; Anxiety related to situational or maturational crisis; IV. Suicide A.Methods and types of suicide Mass media have successfully raised the awareness of people about the various methods and types of suicide. Some intentionally cause their own death directly by using firearms, knives, or poison while others hang themselves. There are also those who commit suicide indirectly by continuous intake of harmful substances such as alcohol, drugs or tobacco, though most people are aware only of direct suicide. Other types of suicide that have become well-publicized are euthanasia (doctor assisted suicide) and teen age suicide. The issue of teenage suicide has raised to the forefront with the case of the teenager committing suicide in a Pampanga mall recently. B.Statistics of Suicide Gelman (1994) cited in Smith (1992) reported that in the United States of America alone, about 30,000 people die from suicide every. Belluck (1998) cited in Smith (1992) reported that suicide ranked as the 8th leading cause of death among young people in the 15-24 age range. Among adolescents, there has been a marked increase in suicide rate since 1950. ⠁ ´Ã¢  ¹ In addition, statistics reveal that for every successful suicide, there are 5-10 attempted suicides. Moreover, women are reported to make more suicide attempts than men, but four times as many men actually commit suicide. Suicide cases have been increasing in both the teenage and elderly age group.⠁ µÃ¢  ° Furthermore, out of the estimated 30,000 people who actually committed suicide in the United States, 10-50 percent or about half suffer from major depression. For depressed people, the most dangerous time for suicide is when they are already to come out and recover the depression. When they are severely depressed, they are weakened and emotionally paralyzed so that they could not act on the impulse to kill themselves.⠁ µÃ‚ ¹ Just like depression, the anxiety disorders also predispose people to suicide and place them at risk for untimely death. As stated earlier, a study conducted in Sweden found that of more than 3000 impatient who have been  diagnosed with anxiety disorders, about one third or 1000 deaths before age 70 were due to suicide. Aside from those suffering from depression and anxiety disorders, those suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders also die from suicide. Suicide is the primary cause of death among schizophrenics who are often faced with alienation and homelessness. Those with personality disorders are also prone to suicide because of the chaos and social problems they encounter in life. C.Preventive Measures In order to prevent individuals afflicted with depression, anxiety and other disorders from committing suicide, careful assessment of their status has to he made. Those near to them must recognize the level to depression or anxiety and the potential for suicide. Also, the presence of suicide ideation or thoughts of suicide have to be determined. The behaviors of these afflicted individuals have to be observed closely to note any clues to possible suicide. Most of the time, the person concerned will talk about suicide plans. Hence, it is important that a anxious individuals from self-destructive acts. Care must be taken especially at times when the patients depression in lifting. Support and care must be established so that the afflicted persons will know that those around them are concerned about their welfare. At all times, the depressed and anxious must be encouraged to express their feelings and anger. Relevant questions must be asked such as: â€Å"Do you wish your well dead?†, etc. All concerned should recognize such continued desire to commit suicide. More importantly, those around afflicted individuals should help increase their self-esteem by focusing on their strengths and success a structured schedule and involvement in activities with others should be helpful, as well as a structured plan to use to cope with future suicidal thoughts. The client should be helped to plan for continued professional help to relieve depression and anxiety in order to fully prevent suicide. In the case of teenagers, those educators, social workers, psychiatrists and others near them should help prevent teenage suicide by taking note of the risk factors and signs of suicide. These signs include changes in their behavior, anger,  irritability, depression, sadness, withdrawal, changes in eating and sleeping habits, and preoccupation with death are the other signs of suicidal tendencies. Those young people who are contemplating suicide often report headaches, stomach aches and ailments and also talk about killing themselves. IV. Conclusion In the end, public health workers and care givers could not be less vigilant in assessing suicide risks and in implementing measures to prevent suicide among others people suffering from depression, anxiety disorders and others disorders and severe stress. This is especially there in hospitals and health agencies. For example, a patient who had undergone mastectomy became quiet and withdrawn after a mastectomy operation upon learning that confirmation of cure would take months, she refused to eat and eaten jumped out of a window. Those who are most prone to depression and anxiety leading to suicide are those with chronic or incurable disease with loss or severe damage to body parts, and those with other concerns in addition to illness such as death of loved one, loss of property, divorce, separation and other overwhelming problems. The severity of depression and anxiety will depend on the evens catastrophe, or critical incident that has occurred. Whatever the case, the caregivers must always be aware of the damage from suicide. In conclusion, those concerned with individuals who are likely to commit suicide have to be aware of points at which to repeat suicide assessments. These individuals at a time prior/ before sustained therapentic response; first 6 months after hospital discharge; in presence of a new, painful, or disabling medical condition; in the presence of anxiety, panic or substances abuse; at evidence of relapse or recurring symptoms; at times of major stresses, losses, threats or shame inducing events; with comorleid personality disorders; or coming out of acute risk factors. Suicide, as what statistics has shown in recent years, have been increasing at a fat rate and is becoming more common especially among the young; but, it could be prevented with prompt and appropriate intervention. Depression  and anxiety, the most common causes of suicide, when left unchecked and untreated could lead to suicide among teenagers and adults alike. Hence, it is important for all who come in contact with depressed and anxious individuals to encourage them to undergo therapy and treatment.

How do Hardy and Wordsworth explore The theme of Nature and Childhood? Essay

Nature is beautiful. This is views of people in the 18th century. Nature was loved and appreciated back in time, true life based poems were written about it, two of them were Thomas hardy & William Wordsworth. These two poets were in love with nature not only did they write about it they fell in deep love with nature that they expressed their feelings within their poetry to the world. There is a quote in Hardy’s poem â€Å"I could live on thus till end†, point is that he could live with/sacrifice all his life for nature, just like a man sacrifices his life to women when he takes a marriage vow quote is â€Å"until death do us part† this shows the personification from nature to a human being Whereas Wordsworth has a different way of expressing his feelings which is describing nature with obsession such as â€Å"Small circles glittering idly in the moon,† Hardy’s poem ‘Childhood among ferns’ shows six different sides to nature which are: Beauty (â€Å"ferns spread out luxuriantly†), power (â€Å"The rain gained strength†); it acts like a: parent (â€Å"tall ferns sheltered me†) and friend (â€Å"brought forth a sweet breath†), and also he is at one with nature. William and hardy use a wide range of punctuation and description for effect and also for description of their wonderful nature. This is a very strong quote showing the beautiful side of nature â€Å"The sun then burst, and brought forth a sweet breath†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this quote is a personification of a human breathing and usually its friends that are sweet to you so it is also showing 2 faces to nature the other side is power â€Å"burst† this is a very strong word to use to explain the power of nature which gives a dramatic effect clearly shown to the reader as in Wordsworth poem he also shows the power of nature in his words â€Å"with voluntary power instinct† as if using a lot of its own power is sounds like a lot of power is being used by nature on its own. Childhood is also exposed by both poets but in individual ways such a Hardy wishes to go back to his childhood whereas William just has memories on his childhood â€Å"A schoolboy traveller at the holidays† and Hardy’s quote showing the point is â€Å"making pretence I was not rained upon†. This is showing Hardy’s childish acts for example when a child is having fun in the rain he does not want to go in the house just the same Thomas is pretending that there is no rain because he is refusing to take cover. In the prelude the childish act that the schoolboy does is he finds a boat on his way and immediately starts to own the boat and call it his possession. â€Å"A skiff that to a willow tree was tied within a rocky cave, its usual home†¦discovered thus by unexpected chance,† and soon after â€Å"my little boat mov’d on†. The personification used in ‘The Prelude’ is the boat which he says â€Å"surely I was led by her†, the her is the boat and it also shows the relationship of nature, well usually at one glance her could be a mother which usually would be first thoughts, because a boy is usually only led one women; his mother. After Thomas Hardy expresses his feelings at the end he also wants to stay in his childhood and live with nature for the rest of his living life â€Å"Why should I have to grow to man’s estate, And this afar-noises World perambulate?†. This quote shapes the writer telling us that he still hasn’t left his childhood he wants old memories back and he still has as much love for nature as he did as a child. Thomas also ha a view that he is at one with nature, the last side of nature where quoted â€Å"I sat on† which also compare William Wordsworth where he is also at one with nature when â€Å"went heaving through the water like a swan†. William calls himself a swan, the way he pushed his boat with difficulty through the water on his journey.

Endangerment of the Snow Leopard Essay - 1005 Words

Snow leopard. When most people hear those words put together, they think of a large, stunning cat with piercing blue eyes, prowling across a snowy terrain high up in the mountains. What they don’t imagine is a helpless animal whose habitat is being destroyed. That is exactly what is happening to these beautiful creatures. Mountain ranges, where these rare cats live, are under the attack of global warming, and the snow leopard population is dwindling because of humans. One of the more well-known snow leopard habitats are the Himalayas. Located in Asia, the Himalayas are becoming warmer each year, which results in a higher treeline. The snow leopards are forced to retreat ever higher into the mountains, where there is less food,†¦show more content†¦Snow leopard skeletons sell for twice the amount of the furs, as they can be used as a substitute for tiger bones in traditional Asian medicine. With so much media and conservation attention, tiger bones were becoming difficult for poachers to acquire, so they turned to snow leopards. Most poachers are barely able to survive on a few dollars a day, so, to them, killing these rare is an extra source of income. Other body parts found on the black markets are claws, used as knives, and meat. Snow leopards are also captured for private animal collections in Central Asia, especially in China. Worst case scenario, the poacher just kills the snow leopard, takes the claws or a few bones, and just disposes of the animal. Countries are doing as much as they can for these animals, by passing laws, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which makes the international trade of snow leopards in any form illegal in all signatory countries (wwf.org.uk), but poachers are very difficult to control. In fact, illegal trade in China appears to be increasing rapidly with growing economic power, and in Afghanistan, new markets have emerged that are difficult to police due to th e on-going military conflict (savingcatsanddogs.org). Luckily, all snow leopard range states except the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan are parties to the CITES treaty today. However, some range states, such asShow MoreRelated The Fight to Help the Snow Leopard Essay2465 Words   |  10 Pagesunder this category is the â€Å"Panthera Uncia† (Dublin, par. 1) –more commonly known as the snow leopard. This animal is seen as a threat to many people in Central Asia –the natural habitat of the leopard. However, the conclusion is inaccurate. The snow leopard is a rare creature that is hardly seen by humans. This animal is insulated by thick fur and has tremendous paws that act like snow shoes. Snow leopards have powerful legs that allow them to jump up to at least fifty feet. 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